In a post below on Catholic Ecclesiology there is a good question that is asked in the comments about a statement made in the post. The statement reads, " ... break with the concrete continuity of the Church that celebrates the Eucharist with the bishops ... "The question is,
do you by this statement in fact refer back to the Roman Catholic position on the validity of Holy Orders within the Church of England?In another story mentioning the re-ordination of Father Jeffrey Steenson who was an Episcopal bishop in the US Episcopal church Simon Caldwell at the Catholic Independent writes,
The question needs to be asked to those of us who have had Anglican ordination as priests in the CofE and other Anglican bodies. No matter who the person is, re-ordination will occur for any convert Anglican to the Catholic Church. It is important for all to remember that apostolic succession is not simply and only a formal power but a very important ingredient that makes up the mission of the gospel as a whole. There is a successio structure that is linked with tradition and is unbroken that is a concept of the Catholic Church. As a convert to the Catholic Church it is my understanding that I was validly ordained as a priest within the Anglican communion alone. It was not an ordination that had within its structure the unbroken line of the imposition of hands that maintained the Church's intention connecting Christology and pneumatology within the sacramental context of the Catholic Church.This was highlighted by the embarrassment caused to the US Catholic bishops when the Episcopal bishop in New Mexico, Jeffrey Steenson, resigned over the election of Gene Robinson as the first openly gay bishop, as well as the blessing of same-sex unions.
Bishop Steenson wanted to become a Catholic priest but was made to go back to university in Rome and be re-ordained. Instead of being welcomed as a hero, he was humiliated. This led for an appraisal of the way things were done. As for Rowan Williams, the affection for him within the Vatican is genuine. He will be welcomed as a friend. He can relax. One source said: "Rome has decided to lay out a red carpet that is long and deep for Rowan because they like and respect him personally.
This links us back to the C19 'High Church' movement within Anglicanism in what Benedict XVI termed 'apocryphal' ordinations. Though there is a concept of understanding holy orders and the related symbolism by the imposition of hands as the Catholic model of sacramental ordination, the Holy Father finds the understanding rather 'obfuscated in many respects.' The Holy Father has written,
As a result, there are, today, a number of persons holding such ministries whose succession is, if I may so phrase it, apocryphal. Wherever such "high-church" ordinations are conferred or received thus "apocryphally", the fundamental nature of the imposition of hands has been totally misunderstood. Regardless of the positive reasons that occasion it, it expresses, in such cases, either a liturgical romanticism or a canonical tutiorism. These churches want a formally assured legitimacy and tend toward an archaizing liturgical model (often, too, toward an equally archaizing dogmatic model). but they accomplish all this without venturing to revise the ecclesial context in anything but rite. Where this occurs, however, the sacrament is, in fact, restricted to a liturgical-juridical formalism. The more genuine rite and the more genuine geneology appear as automatic guarantors of sacramentality and apostolicity. The inevitable result is that this formalism is regarded with irony by the other side and is countered by the genuineness of the word independent of the rite. (Principles of Catholic Theology 246).Form is never to be separated from context and hence be valid if it bypasses the rest of the Church and attempts to dig a private tunnel to the apostles (Ben XVI). Ordination must have continuity of context in order for there to be sacramental guarantors and true apostolicity. I therefore do not believe for a moment that the re-ordination of Father Jeffrey Steenson or any formal Anglican for that matter is humiliating but rather necessary for sacramental assurance of the successio apostolica in Catholic ordinations. All Catholic ordinations must be held firmly in the concrete Church by the imposition of hands of those in succession with the apostles. This is glorious and sacramental, and nothing of humiliation, but GIFT.
10 comments:
Thank you for this, Jeffrey.
Inevitably there is some attention at the moment to Apostolicae curae and the null and void controversy. In the last century, ecumenical theology - of which the Lima Document (1982) left a high water mark - has led to the re-examination of whether the traditional Western criteria of ordination have been adequate to the task. My own sense is that the episcopes vagantes tradition, and, later, the continuing churches tradition (not that these are in any sense of comparable worth)have shown the inadequacy of some of these criteria (and something of this surely underlies the thinking of Pope Benedict in your quotation). Meanwhile, the Eastern sense of 'you're ordained if the Church says you are' and the insights of being authorised for ministry by a succession which is not only passed on by reputable tactile ordination but by the insistence that those who do this must occupy or derive authority from historic sees have transformed not only the ordinals themselves but also the theological understanding of ordination.
I think what we need to focus on now is not the validity or otherwise of Anglican ordinations, whether mainstream or semi-detached, but on the Archbishop of Canterbury's suggestion that orders (and therefore, one should say sacraments other than baptism) are second order issues. This clarifies the Anglican position - though it includes a slightly roseate view of the contribution of what he calls 'supplementary episcopal oversight' can make. (On that, even if we agree that it works in England [which it cannot do for much longer on the present trajectory], it has been discontinued in Wales, perhaps temporarily, and eschewed elsewhere in the Communion).
I think we have to say that, for some of us, as for the Catholic Church, Orders and Sacraments, like Bible and Creeds, are first order issues, not necessarily because they are of prime importance dogmatically - after all Anglicans have lived with cacophonous clashes between the doctrinal outworkings of these things - but because they are integral to the very life of the Church.
As McPartlan says, 'The Eucharist makes the Church'. Bluntly, therefore, when you go to Mass, it either is or isn't the Catholic Mass, the priest either is or isn't a Catholic priest and the sacramental elements, though always grace-bearing, either are or aren't what Newman called 'a higher gift than grace', 'God's Presence and his very Self'.
Prayers
+ Andrew
Thank you very much for this Bishop Andrew. I did not want to 'beat up' the Archbishop in this post but I clearly sought to address the issue of ordination and sacraments other than baptism as 'secondary' issues. That only confirms to me what the Holy Father said in the quotation provided about the apocryphal ordinations of Protestants who have 'high forms' including imposition of hands. It seems that form without context can only be reduced to formalism.
Re: Instead of being welcomed as a hero, he [Steenson] was humiliated.
Fr Steenson has in fact left a comment on 'Independent Minds' stating - by way of clarification - that the year in Rome took place as a response to his own stated desire, and that this period far from being a humiliation, was 'idyllic'.
Jeff
This is awesome. I love the image of digging a tunnel back to the apostles.
Taylor
Gengulphus,
What (and where) is "Independent Minds?"
William Tighe said...
Gengulphus, What (and where) is "Independent Minds?"
It is - I dimly gather - a 'community' attached to the Independent Newspaper (a British publication).
At all events Fr Steenson's comment is here:
http://news.independentminds.livejournal.com/4889960.html?thread=32320616
I had read the Independent Minds article prior to Fr. Steenson's comment, though when reading it had felt that they had that part wrong. It also seems that portion had it wrong that they seemed to be saying that Rome had embarressed the U.S. Bishops in the incident. I've felt that it was more often the U.S. Bishops treatment of the Pastoral Provision that has embarressed Rome, and that in part is the reason why Personal Ordinariates are to be established.
Regarding this question about the validity of Holy Orders within the Church of England... It seems to me that for Holy Orders to be valid they would need to be a full sacrament at the very least, and this is not something that Anglicans agree upon.
Thanks, Jeffrey, for this excellent post. I don't want to overdo the personal testimony, but "humiliation" was the furthest thing from my mind when I was ordained by Archbishop Michael Sheehan on Feb. 21 of this year. At the Mass I celebrated the next morning, there was a moment toward the end, when depositing the Sacrament in the Tabernacle, that I broke down and wept -- tears of joy and relief at being delivered from the nightmare of compromised ecclesial life. God did not create us to live so dicordantly.
Thank you Fr. Steenson.......thank you.
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